Reproduction+in+Fungi

media type="youtube" key="dM_g_p4h6CM"media type="youtube" key="3WqZKHr0ctk"media type="youtube" key="GJ0b4d_XJjQ"media type="youtube" key="qDwgSWDqKoQ"media type="youtube" key="puDkLFcCZyI"media type="custom" key="5179123"media type="custom" key="5179131" Yeast Budding

Asexual reproduction by budding. Good growth conditions – cell increasing in size. A small bubble-like extension grows from the cell. The nucleus undergoes mitosis. A daughter nucleus moves into the bud. The bud may remain attached and form a small colony by further budding. The bud may detach and undergo budding. Budding is a very fast method of reproduction.

HYPHAE: a tubular filament growing at its tip, new hyphae form by branching MYCELIUM: all the hyphae together making up the vegetative mass of the fungus. STOLON HYPHAE: horizontal hyphae growing across and colonising the food environment.

Stolon Hyphae of Bread Mold: RHIZOIDAL HYPHAE: penetrate the solid medium anchoring the fungus.

SPORANGIUM: a vessel in which the spores are formed and are released for wind dispersal.

SPORANGIOPHORE: a hypha carrying a sporangium.

Economic Importance of Fungi Beneficial

Alcohol (ethanol) formation for beer, wine and spirits.

Carbon dioxide gas formation for baking and fizzy drinks. Harmful

Crop diseases, e.g., potato blight, food spoilage.

Edible and Poisonous Fungi

What are commonly called mushrooms and toadstools are the reproductive organs of certain fungi. Scientifically there is no difference between mushrooms and toadstools.

There are no features that distinguish edible from poisonous fungi. The ability to recognise the handful of deadly types is essential.

Identification of the good edible types is a safe starting point.

Edible Examples:

1 Field Mushroom 2 Parasol Mushroom

 Poisonous Examples:

1 Death Cap  2 Fly Agaric

FUNGI DISEASES

FUNGI AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Most Fungi are either SAPROPHYTES OR DECOMPOSERS THAT BREAK DOWN AND FEED ON DECAYING ORGANIC MATERIAL OR DEAD ORGANISMS.

2. Fungi obtain nutrients to absorb by secreting digestive enzymes onto the food source. The enzymes break down, or digest, the food.

3. The breakdown, or digestion, of organic material can also be called DECOMPOSITION. Any organism that causes decomposition can be called a DECOMPOSER.

4. Fungi work along with the Monerans and Protists to decompose the waste and remains of plants and animals.

5. When fungi secretes digestive enzymes into a food source, the Nutrients are released to be used by the fungus and other organisms.

6. The Nutrients are RECYCLED and Returned to the Environment.

7. Without decomposers, ecosystems would collapse, because many organisms would not obtain enough nutrients to stay alive.

8. One scientist estimated that a layer of organic debris about 12 miles thick would now cover the earth if decomposition had never occurred.